Aside from institutional arrangements, these include capital, technology, markets, and labor. It resembles but is not the same as the commonly used dependency ratio, which is the ratio of the dependent-age population (such as 014 years old and 60 and above) to the productive-age population (such as 1559 or 2059). But the challenges that China will face as a result of its changing demographics go far beyond economic growth and other aggregate concerns. ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division. With the current birth control policy in place amid continued low levels of fertility, by the middle of the current century, half of Chinese women aged 60 are projected to have had only one child. Population distribution China's complex natural conditions have produced an unevenly distributed population. . Today, Hong-Kong born immigrants make up 10 percent of all Chinese . For nearly two decades, the average number of children a couple is expected to produce has been less than 2, recently falling as low as. Because of Chinas continued mortality decline, and especially its sustained fertility decline to below replacement levels, the country has effectively entered an era of population decline. Background: To investigate the human papillomavirus (HPV) genotype distribution among the general population and assess the attribution of HPV genotypes targeted by vaccines to protect against cervical lesions theoretically. We have chosen the years between 1950-2050 for our Pyramid to show a balance of historical and future projections. This is so in part because China still has the worlds largest population and its population is still growing. The ripple effects of fertility decline have begun to emerge everywhere in China these days. In the past decade, below-replacement fertility has become a new global reality. For example, the rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment can lead to unrest. China is four times denser than the US as China's population density is 153 people per square km compared to 36 of the US. Rural population (% of total population) in China was reported at 37.49 % in 2021, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. But the relative size of these three Chinese population groups of 160 million will soon change. The population density of China in 2020 was 148.43 people per square kilometer, a 0.22% increase from 2019. Population of China: today, historical, and projected population, growth rate, immigration, median age. As the graph below shows, over the past 60 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 16.78 in 1968 and a minimum value of 5.63 in 2020. As a result of Chinas very low fertility over the past two decades, the abundance of young, inexpensive labor is soon to be history. And because China is a major player in the global economy, the impact of the countrys demographic changes will not be limited by its borders. China's latest census data show that its population is aging fast. It will also have profound consequences for labor productivity, since the youngest workers are the most recently educated and the most innovative. Something little understood by the outside world, and indeed to the Chinese government and public, is that todays demographic changes mark only the beginning of a crisis that will be increasingly difficult to mitigate if action is not taken soon. Statista assumes no One number best characterizes Chinas demographics today: 160 million. Overview and forecasts on trending topics, Industry and market insights and forecasts, Key figures and rankings about companies and products, Consumer and brand insights and preferences in various industries, Detailed information about political and social topics, All key figures about countries and regions, Everything you need to know about Consumer Goods, Identify market potentials of the digital future, Insights into the world's most important technology markets, Health Market Outlook China population is equivalent to 18.47% of the total world population. Given current mortality and fertility rates, and with a population age structure that is growing increasingly older, the number of deaths will soon exceed the number of births. Elderly Population. As a result, in 2008, Chinas rate of population growth was only 5 per thousand, down from over 14 per thousand in 1990 and 25 per thousand in 1970. At the time the policy was announced 30 years ago, it provoked great controversy both within and outside China; over the years it has extracted great sacrifices from Chinese families and individuals, especially from women. (TFR extrapolates an average womans fertility over her lifetime from a societys fertility rate in a given year.) The US & China start with same median age in 2022 (38 years) But US would manage to have the same median age as India by 2100, (48 years). The population is projected to grow by 81 million people annually. China's population reached 1 billion in late 1981. Hence Chinas hesitation, even reluctance, to phase out its one child policyan important cause of the countrys demographic challenges. When the first signs that fertility had dropped below the replacement level were reported in the early 1990s, they were quickly dismissed in the context of what was believed to be widespread underreporting of births. Still, the fact that such a large number of Chinese men will not be able to marry is clearly a serious social concern, and the issue should not be neglected. The large birth cohorts of the 1960s and 1970s were at their peak productive ages when the boom began. Content from the Brookings-Tsinghua Public Policy Center is now archived. Overview of the changing age distribution 1935-2020; Year Total population (census; in thousands) Population by age (%) . Chinas current TFR of 1.5 implies that, in the long run, each future generation will be 25 percent smaller than the one preceding it. What makes China unique, however, is that it still has a state policy, unique in human history, that restricts the majority of Chinese families to one child per couple. What also makes Chinas demographic future a looming crisis is that, so far, the changes have largely taken place under the radar. The demographics of China constitutes of 679,686,000 women and 722,510,000 men, which means there are 1,063 men per 1000 women. Use the list on the right to select other countries to review. By 2008, that number had shrunk by one-third, to only 16.7 million. Methods: Cervical samples were collected from women aged 21 to 64 years old from Inner Mongolia and Shanxi Province in China who had not been vaccinated against HPV. Yes, they are. But the country is at the end of reaping economic gains from a favorable population age structure. China could also become older than most European countries. But at the same time, the projected 20 to 30 million Chinese men who will not be able to find wives, due to the countrys decades-long imbalanced sex ratio at birth, may constitute a large group of unhappy, dissatisfied people. In 2000, when the ratio of income levels in the United States and China was still about 10 to 1, female life expectancy in China was only about five years below that of the United States (75 versus 80). Both countries have higher male population compare to female. In just one decade, from 1970 to 1980, the total fertility rate (TFR) was more than halved, from 5.8 to 2.3, a record unmatched elsewhere. It has forcefully altered the family and kin structure of hundreds of millions of Chinese families. Such a number is below the replacement level (the level required for a population to maintain its size in the long run). Chinas astonishing economic expansion over the past two decades took place within a highly, almost uniquely favorable demographic context. But more important than increased life expectancy in defining Chinas new demographic eraand determining. Today, the net gain due to favorable demographic conditions has been reduced to only one-fifth of the average level maintained from 1982 to 2000. The challenges posed by these demographic changes will be more daunting in China than in other countries that have experienced mortality and fertility declines. Mailing List - See more. Observers of Chinas rise, when assessing the implications for global peace and prosperity, have largely focused their attention on the countrys economy, on its energy and resource needs, on the environmental consequences of its rapid expansion, and on the nations military buildup and strategic ambitions. Gullies in the Loess Plateau of China vary in developmental stages and morphologic sizes. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision, ( 2 ) Census reports and other statistical publications from national statistical offices, ( 3 ) Eurostat: Demographic Statistics, ( 4 ) United Nations Statistical Division. . Currently, 59.7 % of the population of China is urban (856,409,297 people in 2019) Urban Population China Urban vs. Current Population Of China: 1,321,290,000: Male: . The percentage of total population of children will decline from 36.3% in 1953, to 18.0% in 2030. Blog - Follow us on Twitter - Buy a poster - Contact us by email Because the population control policy has been in place for so long, many Chinese couples, especially in the more affluent urban areas, have had only one child. A population pyramid illustrates the age and sex structure of a country's population and may provide insights about political and social stability, as well as economic development. Countries with young populations (high percentage under age 15) need to invest more in schools, while countries with older populations (high percentage ages 65 and over) need to invest more in the health sector. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries Population is declining, and the age structure is expected to stabilize slowly at some point in the future. The most important key figures provide you with a compact summary of the topic of "Population in China" and take you straight to the corresponding statistics. A total of 3 100 participants aged 65 or above were enrolled in 2011 from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, which was a national population-based survey. This Pyramid is a useful tool for the visual display of the changing population dynamics for virtually every country in the world. As the young population declines, domestic demand for consumption may weaken as well, since young people are also the most active consumers of everything from wedding banquets to new cars and housing units. What Does Age Distribution Mean? The population is distributed along the horizontal axis, with males shown on the left and females on the right. Figure 1. Such a compressed process of demographic transition means that, compared with other countries in the world, China will have far less time to prepare its social and economic infrastructure to deal with the effects of a rapidly aging opulation. The current population of China is 1,452,326,258 as of Sunday, November 6, 2022, based on Worldometer elaboration of the latest United Nations data. That number has further grown in the past five years. The China Population Pyramid displays age, sex and population data for 100 years. The era of uninterrupted supplies of young, cheap Chinese labor is over. The newly released results of China's seventh population census show that China's 2020 population stood at 1.4118 billion in which there are 264 million people aged 60 and over or 191 million aged 65 and over, comprising 18.7 percent and 13.5 percent of the total population, respectively. [2] According to the 2020 census, 91.11% of the population was Han Chinese, and 8.89% were minorities. Are you interested in testing our corporate solutions? Chongqing is the only city in China with the permanent population of over 30 million. New: Updated with 2019 numbers. 680,410,000: Population Density of China: 138 persons per square kilometre: Age structure: 0 to 14 years: 15 to 59 years: 60 years and over: Growth Rate: Population growth rate: 5.17 . (example) 0-4=1.4 million 5-9=2.0 million In this case study, in Linjialian watershed in the loess hilly region, we introduced some perspectives from population ecology to explore the population characteristics of the loess gully system. By 2008, due to the combined effects of fertility decline and educational reforms, the number of primary schools nationwide had fallen to about 300,000. The tragic deaths of thousands of only children in the earthquake of May 2008 in Sichuan province highlighted the potential for extreme misfortune. Major fertility reduction in China took even less time. Download scientific diagram | Age distribution characteristics of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Shandong province. China, in other words, completed its mortality-decline transition while per capita income was still at a very low level. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, Find a brief overview of all Outlooks here, Tools and Tutorials explained in our Media Centre, people were living in urban areas of China. In terms of age distribution in 2004, of the 30.55 million total population, 6.4 million (20.88%) were age 0-14, 20.7 million (67.69%) were 15-64, and 3.5 million (11.46%) were 65 and over. Density of population is calculated as permanently settled population of China divided by total area of the country. Due to these odds, and the large numbers of Chinese parents who have only one child, the sheer number of elderly people living without any children is significant and growing. Population density for this country. In 1995, primary schools nationwide enrolled 25.3 million new students. Growth of the older population, changes in the age distribution in China with comparisons to the United States, and the projections of the older . And families, in addition to their other functions, are first and foremost the primary source of support for dependents, the young and the elderly. Elaboration of data by United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. The total fertility rate declined from 6.0 in 1953, to 2.0 in 1994. In this study, we use a two-stage budgeting quadratic almost-ideal demand system framework to estimate the distribution of food demand elasticity under different proportions of the WAP in rural China. Japan already has the world's oldest population and the highest rate of people over the age of 100. Longer life expectancy means more old people in the population and an increasing demand for services and expenditures related to health care. Since October 1, 2020, Brookings has maintained a limited partnership with Tsinghua University School of Public Policy and Management that is intended to facilitate jointly organized dialogues, meetings, and/or events. Current government policy still requires nearly two-thirds of all families to have no more than one child per couple. Population ages 15-64 (% of total population), Population ages 0-14 (% of total population), Population ages 65 and above (% of total population), Population ages 65 and above, male (% of male population), Population ages 65 and above, female (% of female population), International Comparison Program & Purchasing Power Parity, International Household Survey Network (IHSN), Trust Fund for Statistical Capacity Building. With a population of 24.89 million as of . Political legitimacy in China over the past three decades has been built around fast economic growth, which in turn has relied on a cheap and willing young labor force. The ratio of china to the US population has increased from 3.49 in 1950 to the highest 4.69 in 1994. A gradual but substantial reduction in population, especially with a concomitant aging of populations in the worlds richest countries, constitutes an unprecedented shift that is redefining the global demographic, economic, and political landscape. In the following 5 chapters, you will quickly find the 32 most important statistics relating to "Population in China". Breaking Down China's Economy By Sector China has achieved in 50 yearsincreasing life expectancy from the 40s to over 70what it took many European countries a century to accomplish. The population of China in 2019 was 1,421,864,031, a 0.34% increase from 2018. 13.41%. China - Population density. First, the country has more than 160 million internal migrants who, in the process of seeking better lives, have supplied abundant labor for the nations booming economy. Please do not hesitate to contact me. The looming demographic crisis will largely define China in the twenty-first century. Usually countries with such kind of population age distribution model have long life expectancy, high level of education and good . China could drop to a median age of 57 by 2100. With median age of 28.43, India is 10 year more younger than China having half of the population below 38.42 years. Japan already has the world's oldest population and the highest rate of people over the age of 100. The population of the world has more than doubled between 1959 and the 2000s. Chinas population is likely to peak less than 15 years from now, below a maximum of 1.4 billion. That such a huge share of Chinese families have only one child, despite the fact that many parents would have liked to have more, presents serious economic and social risks for individuals, and for the whole society. The latest numbers based on nationally representative surveys put life expectancy at birth at 74.5 years for females and 70.7 for males, levels that approach those of the worlds more developed countries. But for age over 30 year, China has 40% more people than India. Over a 10-year period, between 2016 and 2026, the size of the population in this age range will be reduced by about one-quarter, to 150 million from 200 million. We are happy to help. There were 254 (8.2%) individuals reporting edentulism, and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was . 153.31 (persons per square km . We have chosen the years between 1950-2050 for our Pyramid to show a balance of historical and future projections. By the end of this century, China's population is expected to drop to 767 mn, with 40% of them aged . Show details. China's rate was lower than the 1.34 of Japan, the . Indeed, increased spending obligations created by the aging of the population will not only shift resources away from investment and production; they will also test the governments ability to meet rising demands for benefits and services. More generally, ever more Chinese parents in the future will not be able to count on their children in their old age. and over 1Mio. (The total populations of countries like Japan and Russia do not reach 160 million; Bangladeshs population is roughly equal to that number.). Second, more than 160 million Chinese are 60 years old or older. This text provides general information. World Population Prospects: 2019 Revision. The country's economy outperformed government targets of 6% growth, with the overall economy growing by 8.1%. Map of China Ethnic Population Distribution. Elderly population will be more than twice of the young population at 2036. Although policy implementation has varied over time and across different regions, almost all urban Chinese couples have observed the one-child rule for the past three decades. Download Page. Japan's population will more than halve, from a peak of 128 million in 2017 to less than 53 million by the end of the century, the researchers behind the new Lancet study predict. PopulationPyramid.net Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100 China 1950 Population: 554,419,268 Chinas demographic changes will also have far-reaching implications for the world economy, which has relied on China as a global factory for the past two decades and more. Population by age and sex. Shanghai (/ h a /; Chinese: , Shanghainese: Zaon 6 he 5 [z.h] (), Standard Mandarin pronunciation: [.x] ()) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Formerly known as Edo, its metropolitan area (spanning 13,452 square kilometres or 5,194 square miles) is the most populous in the world, with an estimated 37.468 million residents as of 2018; the city proper has a population of 13.99 . Given that demographic changes take time to develop, and that their ramifications are not only massive but also long-lasting, Chinas inaction has already proved costlyand will only grow more so the longer it persists. The current population of China in 2021 is 1,444,216,107, a 0.34% increase from 2020. A demographic study normally includes the investigation of how old the people within the statistical sample actually are. Nearly one-fifth of the population in 2020 was aged 60 and above, 5.4 percentage points higher than a decade earlier. The age structure can also be used to help predict potential political issues. The median age of the Chinese population, at its peak, could be as high as 50 years. The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flowing through it. The term demographic dividend refers to gains (or losses) in per capita income brought about by changes in a populations age structure. By 2013 Chinas demographic dividend growth rate will turn negative: That is, the growth rate of net consumers will exceed the growth rate of net producers. Chinas mortality over the past three decades has been on a path of continuous decline. Is the Philippines a third world country? The size of the older population in the United States is also large, ranking third in the world in 2000. . In no small part due to implementation of the one-child policy, China by 2005 had accumulated nearly 160 million only children aged 0 to 30. Your subscription could not be saved. facts. The Indian median age was 40 years, compared to 46 years for all immigrants and 37 years for the native born. Sources: Data from U.S. Census Bureau 2010 and 2018 American Community Surveys (ACS), and Campbell J. Gibson and Kay Jung, "Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850-2000" (Working Paper no. China 2020 population is estimated at 1,439,323,776 people at mid year according to UN data. . Japans economic stagnation, closely related to the aging of its population, serves as a ready reference. ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. And for the Peoples Republic the challenge is all the more difficult because the country is undergoing an economic upheaval at the same time that its population is rapidly changing. Demographics of China in 2019 was 1,421,864,031, a 0.34 % increase from 2018, sex and population for... Is estimated at 1,439,323,776 people at mid year According to UN data include capital, technology,,! The relative size of the changing population dynamics for virtually every country in the future will be... 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