This period dates approximately from 30-375 AD and is known best for various cultural influences. (a) Ashoka (b) Chandragupta( c) Harshvardhan (d) Kujula Kadphises R. Curiel, Inscriptions de Surkh Kotal, JA 242/2, 1954, pp. Unfortunately, we do not know the date of his accession, or his age at that time. Answer - Buddha statues began to be formed in abundance in the Kushanakal. 15.f., type 8)or else that Vima Taktu was the throne name of Saaskao. Whether Vasudevas death was the signal for the Persian invasion or its result is at present uncertain. Edwin G. Pulleyblank, Chinese and Indo-Europeans, JRAS, 1966, pp. 288-89; Bivar, 1970). Establishing the Kushan territorial expanse is itself a matter of debate. The Kushan () Empire (c. 1st-3rd centuries) was a state that at its height, about 105-250, stretched from Tajikistan to Afghanistan, Pakistan and down into the Ganges river valley in northern India. X, 1; Jenkins, p. 14 and Pl. Joe Cribb, The Heraus Coins: Their Attribution to the Kushan King Kujula Kadphises, in Martin Price, Andrew Burnett, and Roger Bland eds., Essays in Honour of Robert Carson and Kenneth Jenkins, London, 1993, pp. At least two major stylistic divisions can be made among artifacts of the period; imperial art of Iranian derivation and Buddhist art of mixed Greco- Roman and Indian sources. 181-231, esp. The Kushana empire was the second great Indian empire, the first being that of the Mauryas. Marcus Junianus Justin, M. Iuniani Iustini Epitoma Historiarum Philippicarum Pompeii Trogi: accedunt prologi in Pompeium Trogum, ed. The coins of Kadphises show that his authority extended up to Banaras and also till Indus basin. Part III, Vol. 126. Archeology of the Kushans: in India, KUSHAN DYNASTY iv. They had been a numerous and powerful tribe, well able to maintain themselves against the encroachments of neighbors. Kun-ahr) represented a major world power in Central Asia and northern India. He appears again as the father of a third Kanishka in the Ara inscription of the year 41 of the new Kushan era (227 + 41 1 = 267 CE) (Konow, 1929, p. 162). 243, nos. Some of them hid in the Great Nebula while others fled to the planet of Kharak where they forgot their origins and became similar to the Bedouin in terms of culture . His dominance over Kabul, Kandahar and Afghanistan was built. He was the first Kushan emperor in India, laying the groundwork for the Kushan Empire. (see Sims-Williams and de Blois). Kushan Origins (30-375 CE) The Kushans were one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation, an Indo-European nomadic people. All these sites lie along the northern and eastern sides of the Tarim basin. Despite the problems associated with the succession to Kujula and the still uncertain status of Vima Taktu, with the opening of the next reign, namely that of Vima Kadphises, a unified coinage attests an undivided kingdom and rising prosperity. Download Entri App! p. One branch of this group migrated to the Tarim Basin and founded a short-lived empire, while the other, under the name of the Kushan, gained control of Central Asia, capturing a section of the great trade route leading from India and China to the West. 24 Fun And Interesting Facts About The Kushan Dynasty November 6, 2020 The Kushan Dynasty that grew into Kushan Empire was basically a Syncretic Empire. Pers. 258-60) suggests that he may, after advancing down the Kabul River valley, have briefly occupied that city. 49: helos arg dnrion chruson kai arguron parthnoi eueides prs pallakean). They were an Indo-European group of people. The House of Chiefs, or Kadphises, was the first dynasty, succeeded by the House of Kanishka. Idem, Surkh-Kotal und Kanika, ZDMG 115/1, 1965, pp. Specific to that faith were renderings of three of the six Amahraspands (see AMA SPNTA), aoreoro (ahrewar), Ashaeixsho, and Manaobago, if the last two are correctly identified with Ardwahit and Wahman. Several classical deities appear, including Serapis (Gbl, p. 69; photo no. 297-360. Disclaimer: All efforts have been made to make . Numerous sculptures had originally adorned the interior, those working with floral and animal motifs conforming to the Gandharan tradition, while figural works followed Scytho- Parthian and, to some extent, Hellenistic traditions. These rulers are known chiefly from the coin series, but the dates for the second and third are substantiated by inscriptions (see below). Kushan dynasty existed from 30 to 375 AD. The most famous Kushana ruler was Kanishka, he was also known as ' Second Ashoka '. Among the manuscripts recovered by Central Asian expeditions of the early 20th century were several in previously unknown languages. In the east, probably centered around the north shore of Lake Issyk Kul, were the group who, in Achaemenid times, had been known as the Sak Haumavarg (Haoma-consuming Scythians; inscription DSe 24-25). Kushan art reached its fullest development in the 2nd century A.D when the great king Kanishka is believed to have reigned. More specifically they were the Guishuang. At first the Kushans used the Greek language for administrative purposes, but soon started to use the Bactrian language . On the coinage of Vima Kadphises, however, only one deity is represented. He built many monasteries and stupas. Grard Fussman, Chronique des tudes kouchanes (1975-1977), JA 266, 1978, pp. xiv-xv; Errington, pp. Although that rulers accession is not precisely fixed, it is likely to have fallen around 100 CE. His son Vima Taktu or Sadashkana (AD 80-AD 95) succeeded him and expanded the kingdom into northwest India. He was the last great Kushan emperor, and the end of his rule coincides with the invasion of the Sasanians as far as northwestern India, and the establishment of the Indo-Sasanians or Kushanshahs in what is nowadays Afghanistan, Pakistan and northwestern India from around AD 240. The founder of the Kushan Empire was Kujula Kadphises, first Yuezhi chief. That the figures from Khalchayan are not only Tochari, but specifically Kushans is suggested by the strong similarity between their portraits and those on coin series bearing the legend Turanountos Hraiou sana koanou. The proliferation in the art of Gandhara of images of Hrit, Goddess of Smallpox, clearly indicates local preoccupation with this danger at the time. R. B. Whitehead, Catalogue of Coins in the Panjab Museum, Lahore I. Indo-Greek Coins, Oxford, 1914; repr., Chicago, 1969. Osmund Bopearachchi, Natn, A Hitherto Unknown Iranian Ruler in India, in Joe Cribb, Helen Wang, and Katsumi Tanabe, eds., Studies in Silk Road Coins and Culture: Papers in Honour of Prof. Ikuo Hirayama on His 65th Birthday, Silk Road Art and Archaeology 6, Kamakura, 1997, pp. According to the Rabatak inscription, Kanishka was the son of Vima Kadphises, the grandson of Sadashkana, and the great-grandson of Kujula Kadphises. He was the antecedent of Vima Kadphises, and Kanishka I. The Yuishi race was initially in Central Asia. They played an important role in the spread of Buddhism to Central Asia and China. Sten Konow, Kharoshh Inscriptions, Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum II/1, Calcutta, 1929. Although several of these inscriptions were dated, uncertainty concerning the origin points of their eras, of which there were certainly more than one, gave rise to much controversy among historians on the absolute chronologies to which they related. KUSHAN DYNASTY (Mid. The last of the Kushan and Kushano-Sasanian kingdoms were finally devastated by conquerers from the north, known as the Kidarites, and then the Hephthalites. 261-93. Kushan Empire - Kujula Kadphises (30 CE - 80 CE) Kujula Kadphises was the Kadphises I He was the first Kushan ruler who laid the foundation for the Kushan empire in India. Kujula Kadphises was succeeded by his son Vima Taktu, who expanded the empire into northwest India. He was founder of a city Hushka in Kashmir named after him (described by Kalhan in Rajatarangini). He found a city near Taxila and it was probably that the town in Kanishkapura in Kashmir was built by him. Named inscriptions dating from year 64 to 98 of Kanishkas era suggest his reign extended from at least AD 191 to 225. Kanishka sent his armies north of theKarakoram mountains. His wight standards were later used by Gupta emperors and thus remained effective for almost 4 centuries in India! 341-58. Our understanding of the succession after his death is fragmentary. That the reservoir of the infection lay in South Asia, as it has remained until quite recent times, is evident enough. Idem, Invasion of Panjb by Ardashr Bbakn (Bbagn), The First Sasanian King of Persia, A.D. 226-41, JRAS, 1920, pp. K. Walton Dobbins, The Stpa and Vihra of Kanishka I, Asiatic Society Monograph Series 5/18, Calcutta, 1971. Shaka era is still in use in India. The Kushan Empire is a formable located near Central Asia It is an exclusive formable, meaning after you form this, you cannot form the Hephthalite Empire as Tajikistan. The Hou Hanshu says:His son, Vema Takto or his brother Sadakaa, became king in his place. Huvishka ascended the throne of Kanishka I. Since the first of these appears chronologically earlier yet has the more elderly appearance, and the reign covers the long span of thirty-two years, a suspicion has been entertained that there were two successive kings named Huvishka, but this has not been confirmed. 189-205. Vsishkawas a Kushan emperor who seems to have had a 20-year reign followingKanishka II. 38-39; Debevoise, pp. Upon his succession, Kanishka dominated vast territory almost complete northern India, south to Ujjain and Kundina and east behind Pataliputra. A. D. H. Bivar, Hrit and the Chronology of the Kusanas, BSOAS 33/1, 1970, pp. in Spooner, 1908-09, pls. 949-65. His rule is recorded atMathura, inGandharaand as far south as Sanchi (nearVidisa), where several inscriptions in his name have been found, dated to the year 22 (the Sanchi inscription of Vaksushana i.e., Vasishka Kushana) and year 28 (the Sanchi inscription of Vasaska i.e., Vasishka) of a possible second Kanishka era. The discovery of the Rabatak Bactrian inscription provides a complete genealogy of Kanishka the Great (Sims-Williams and Cribb, p. 80), showing Kujula Kadphises as his great-grandfather and his grandfather as Vima Taktu, also designated as king. Who founded the Kushan dynasty? Pers. Kujula Kadphises was the prince of Guishuang, named thilac [Kujula Kadphises], who attacked and killed the four other xihou. Several writers have, however, queried the identification of Vima Taktu (Fussman, 1998, pp. The most impressive site within the wall was occupied by a dynastic fire temple, built on a cheapened plan in large blocks of well reseed stone and approached by imposing stairs. Essays on the pre-Islamic History of the Indo-Iranian Borderlands, Vienna, 1999, pp. Scholars have named them Yuishi, Turushka (Tukhar). A Kharoh inscription (Bailey, 1980, p. 23; cf. Idem, The Historical Origins of the Art of Gandhara, Pakistan Archaeology 26, 1991, pp. He seems to have achieved some temporary successes against the Persian invaders and to have inaugurated a second Kushan Era one hundred years after the commencement of that of Kanishka I. Many inscriptions naming Huvishka have been recorded in and around Mathura. Thus the Azes date of the inscription is 103 58 = 45 CE, and the first year of Gondophares (presumably at Taxila) is 45 - 26 = 19 CE. That Vasudeva I was succeeded by a second Kanishka seems sufficiently clear. His kingdom extended from Central Asia to Gandhara and Mathura. They are clad in various fabric pieces. During the first to mid-third centuries CE, the empire of the Kushans (Mid. Kanishkas era was used as a calendar reference by the Kushans for about a century, until the decline of the Kushan realm. by Asia Society. Production of the large number of stylistically more developed Hrit figures in Gandhara sculpture should reflect rising anxiety at the spread of the infection. Yet at the same time the extensive coin issues for the Nameless King, Str Megas, suggest Kushan expansion in several directions, and the capture of Mathura by the Kushans was apparently an event of the Str Megas period (Cribb, 1995-96, pp. He is facing directly above the figure of the Kushan prince, which accordingly should represent the front aspect of the casket (illus. Vima Kadphises added to the Kushan territory by his conquests in Afghanistan and north-west Pakistan. According to Alain Danielou, For some time, the Kushana Empire was the centrepoint of the major civilizations. The patronage of Buddhism by the Kushan rulers is attested by the appearance of Buddha among the divinities portrayed upon the coinage of Kanishka. 119, 123) is inclined to ascribe the bull-and-camel series as local issues of Kashmir, a relatively isolated context, where uncertainties concerning a disputed succession might have been current. This was when the Kushans held sway with their empire straddling Central Asia, Afghanistan and North India. It may be of interest to note that the commander of the Sak contingent against Alexander at the Battle of Gaugamela was identically named Mauakes (Arrian, Anabasis 3.8.3) and was most likely a predecessor of Maues as a member of the same longstanding lineage. 240-61. The inscription is in middle Brahmi script is as follows: (Kushan: , Ooishki) was a Kushan emperor from the death of Kanishka (assumed on the best evidence available to be in 150) until the succession of. KUSHAN DYNASTY i. Dynastic History. Inscriptions of the Kushans, KUSHAN DYNASTY iii. According to the Rabatak inscription: In the year one, it has been revealed unto India, unto the whole kingdom of the governing class, including Koonadeano (Kaundiny, Kundina) and the city of Ozeno (Ozene,Ujjain) and the city of Zageda (Saketa) and the city of Kozambo (Kausambi) and the city of Palabotro (Pataliputra) and as far as the city of Ziri-tambo (Sri-Champa). In fact the imprints of Kushan Dynasty are still found in Jammu & Kashmir in the form of names. He established an era, commonly known as Shaka era, starts from 78 AD. It was during his reign that the Gadara School of art made great progress. 35-36). His successor in the eastern territories appears to have been a king called Vasishka, who is named in four inscriptions. His name on the coins is written in the nominative case, KANHKO, rather than in the oblique case KANHKI, as on coins of the first Kanishka, who followed Greek practice in naming the issuer of a coin in the genitive.
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