Urruty N., Deveaud T., Guyomard H., Boiffin J. Impacts of Agricultural Land Use Changes on Pesticide Use in French Agriculture. Inventory systems have been implemented by operations researchers and computer professionals, whereas economic academics have focused on the effect of inventories in the trade sequence rather than inventory difficulties. From the point of view of reducing environmental pollution, the scale of agricultural operations has a significant negative influence on the intensity of pesticide use. However, the first-order difference of all the variables is tested by either method to reject the null hypothesis that it is unstable, i.e., that it is a stationary series. Today, the vast majority of Earth's surface has been significantly influenced by human activities. Agribusiness Education and Research International, The Dollar Crisis and Agro Enterprise Management, Nano fertilizers: New frontiers in Modern Agro Inputs of Bangladesh Agriculture. From subsistence to profit: transforming smallholder farms. Full scale operation means the average daily execution of 0.33% of the total quantum for the first year, as specified in the tender document. Many small-scale farming operations have a vegetable crop focus. New Jersey: Prentice Hall; 2003. Mhlanga N. Private sector agribusiness investment in subSaharan Africa. Its main formulas are as follows: In Equations (8) and (9), t is time series and i is a sample unit. Laurett R., Pao A., Mainardes E.W. [36], an option that could be considered is to define qualitative parameters of land, accounting for their potential, or their use. Grainit facilitates Farm Inventory Storage. W. Thornthwaite (1954) on Seabrook farm was one of the first, intriguing, and challenging implementations of operations research in agriculture. Thirdly, the paper studies the relationship between three variables by using the panel data model. The weight of the empty weigh hopper (the TARE weight) is measured with the upper garner and weigh hopper gates closed. Mechanical or automated de-handing is a potential long-term solution to address labor shortages and . Andrews D.W.K. New York: Palgrave Macmillan; 2011. p. 552 (Us). Small-scale communal farmers favour burley tobacco, mainly because it requires less rigorous labour. This type of analysis does not take into account the relative changes in agriculture-related fiscal expenditure. Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through We needed to determine the best lag order of variables before using the VAR system to treat AGTFP, the intensity of financial support for agriculture, and the scale of agricultural operations as endogenous variables for impulse effect and variance decomposition analysis. According to Yates, (1949) operational research consists of the application of technical exploration to the problems arising in organization and arrangement by methods of scientific research, mean that arrangement of observation, trial, and reasoning which researchers are in the habit of using in their systematic investigations form an integral part of operation research operational research, according to Yates (1949), consists of the application of technical exploration to problems arising in organization and arrangement by scientific research methods, which means that the arrangement of observation, trial, and reasoning that researchers are accustomed to using in their systematic investigations are an integral part of operation research. General Diagnostic Tests for Cross-Sectional Dependence in Panels. Measurement and Impactor Analysis of Agricultural Carbon Emission Performance in Changjiang Economic Corridor. Within the provincial administrative regions, the impact of the scale of agricultural operations on AGTFP is negative. [14] discussed the spatial distribution and changing trend of AGTFP. From a micro point of view, the scale of agricultural operations is expressed by the land size of each farm [26,30,31,37]; from a macro perspective, the scale of agricultural operation is expressed by the per capita cultivated land area of each region or the sown area of each agricultural laborer [26,31]. Furthermore, during these 15 forecast periods, the degree of explanation of the innovative shocks of AGTFP on the variation itself decreased, which means that the contribution of other driving forces increased. and M.S. Farm Size and Agricultural Technology Progress: Evidence from China. According to the USDA, a small-scale farm . UN-2 These units are an integral part of operations, and their size varies, depending on the scale of operations. Chen Y., Miao J., Zhu Z. of Engineering, Aarhus University. Wardrop (1952) developed an equilibrium model for economic longitudinal equilibrium on the basis of times and conditions that are directly related to equilibrium situations. Moreover, it is argued that binary probit and logit produce similar results [8]. $69k. Now, the goal of an operations researcher is to create a model that allows him to predict the impact of key components in the solution of a given problem. scientist and management can lead to huddles, thus the gap between the one who delivers a solution and the one who wants to use it must be bridged. Specifically, binary Logit and Probit models are the most appropriate in this case. 2019;41(2):284304. This supported the claim that the agricultural sector in Ghana was largely dominated by small-scale farmers who cultivate less than a hectare of farmland [1]. He should also specify the circumstances in which the model will fail. As farmers grow older and have reduced physical ability to engage in farm activities that require strength, they are likely to decide to hire labourers and mechanize their operations in expanding on their farm size. Age is an indication of the level of experience of farmers, which can have direct implications for the decision-making processes and physical ability to manage particular enterprises [13]. Nagayets O. Platform: 39.37" W x 78.75" L x 3.93" H and Capacity: 3000 lbs. Asteriou D, Hall SG. The majority of the farmers do not have access to credit facility. Generally, the literature on drivers of farm scale that focuses on Africa is scarce and disperse. We recommend that government should provide mechanization support for medium-scale farmers. Policy Research Working Paper. Agricultural productivity, credit and farm size nexus in Africa: a case study of Ghana. Every extreme point in a linear programming issue is a basic possible solution under the constraints. This reduces the size of farmland under cultivation. (3) The research of this paper can provide a reference for developing green agriculture and improving agricultural total factor green productivity. This research is identified in the following topics: The desired solution can be computed using Mathematical Programming if the objective function can be represented in terms of the mathematical model. Khan H., Nassani A.A., Aldakhil A.M., Abro M.M.Q., Islam T., Zaman K. Pro-Poor Growth and Sustainable Development Framework: Evidence from Two Step GMM Estimator. If data collecting errors are to be minimized, the required data gathering takes time to prepare. For cassava production, males are more technically efficient than their female counterparts in productive function [32]. This transitioning process appears peripheral with little recognition given to the dynamic features in the process of growth. Reference Scoones, Mavedzenge and Murimbarimba 2018a). For long-run variable associations, we developed the following approach based on ARDL: In the equation mentioned above, 1,2,and3 represent the long-run variance of the variables. The results (Table 3) also revealed that, cassava farmers with tertiary education have a probability of increasing their farmland by 24%. According to the calculation, the value of AGTFP, the most critical variable in this study, is between 0.071 and 1, with an average value of 0.718 and a standard deviation of 0.166. yit+h is the vector of the variable after period Each stockyard scale is designed to accurately measure cattle weight in a secure, stable environment. Does Factor Market Distortion Inhibit the Green Total Factor Productivity in China? The computation of economic equilibria (in collaboration with T. Hansen; Yale University Press, New Haven, CT). Akudugu [10] concluded that an interaction between credit source and farm size significantly affects agricultural productivity in Ghana. The findings showed that factors that were significant and positively related to farm size were age, secondary education, land acquisition for maize farmers, and tertiary education for cassava farmers. At the same time, the government has achieved positive results regarding strengthening the science and technology-based support for green agriculture, subsidizing green agriculture, improving the utilization rate of production factors, and reducing pollution. Accra, Ghana: University of Ghana; 2015. The objective is to ensure optimal planning of operations in different agricultural production systems and supply chains. The error correction term (ECT) represents the short-term variance and measures the acceleration of change caused by fluctuations [64]. Under such circumstances, it is very important to clarify the causal relationship between fiscal support for agriculture, the scale of agricultural operations, and AGTFP. It currently publishes more than 6,000 new publications a year, has offices in around fifty countries, and employs more than 5,500 people worldwide. The authors declare no conflict of interest. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:oup:ajagec:v:24:y:1942:i:2:p:420-433.. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc. Network analysis has been widely used in industries for planning, scheduling, and evaluation of projects but very applications have been made in the field of agriculture. The main advantage of the ARDL model is that it can deal with variables with different lag orders and analyze the well-known model similar to statistical regression [62]. However, the allocation rate of production factors can reverse the inhibitory effect of strict environmental regulations on agricultural total factor productivity. According to Granger (1969) [58], measuring the correlation between variables is not enough to fully understand the relationship between variables. Agriculture, sampling and operational research. What can influence the scale of operations? In economics and agricultural economics, operations researchers have made substantial contributions. Cassava farmers considered small-scale farmers to have farm sizes of less than two hectares, whereas maize farmers considered this group of farmers to have farm sizes less than five hectares. Agricultural Technologies and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Jordanian Economy. They have overcome or adapted their farming strategies to survive the challenges of climate change, price shocks and limited financing options. New Perspectives on Farm Size and Productivity. Almost all farmers were married and had an average household size of seven. In addition, this paper mainly discusses the influence of the intensity of financial support for agriculture on AGTFP from a macro point of view, but this study still has some limitations, such as ignoring the role of the specific methods of financial support for agriculture and further research is required to explain the overall negative impact of the intensity of financial support for agriculture. However, farmers who cultivate maize on a medium-scale, had high extension access (0.960) while small-scale maize farmers had limited extension access. Zhu W., Wang R. Impact of Farm Size on Intensity of Pesticide Use: Evidence from China. This can be explained by farmers focusing on intensification with increased demand for mechanization [17, 58]. J Agric Econ. Department of Agricultural Extension, School of Agriculture, College of Basic and Applied Sciences (CBAS), University of Ghana, P. O. 2012;7(14):213141. During WWII, the United Kingdom had to not only raise its food supply through greater food production but also cut costs on imports, which included items needed to boost agricultural production. Since its reform and opening-up in 1978, Chinas economy has achieved rapid growth objectives and has become the second-largest economy and the largest developing country since 2010. the various RePEc services. Seventy-eight (78) percent of the farmers were involved in small-scale farming while the rest engaged in medium-scale farming. Farm size varies based on a specific strategy in production, degree of market integration, inputs access, innovation, infrastructure, and off-farm labour opportunities [27]. Jayne TS, Mather D, Mghenyi E. Principal challenges confronting smallholder agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa. Ghana Statistical Service (GSS). The source of all the above agricultural input data is China Rural Statistical Yearbook. J Rural Stud. Makate C., Makate M., Mutenje M., Mango N., Siziba S. Synergistic Impacts of Agricultural Credit and Extension on Adoption of Climate-Smart Agricultural Technologies in Southern Africa. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. conjunction with subsistence or modern agriculture at any convenient scale of operation. Conceptualization, methodology, writing original draft, reviewing and editing were done by all authors. The changing landscape of agriculture in Ghana: drivers of farm mechanization and its impacts on cropland expansion and intensification. This will help to explore the previous goals of this paper and further examine the impact of financial support for agriculture and the scale of agricultural operations on AGTFP. An understanding of the factors influencing the scale of operation will inform policy decisions in promoting farming as a business among small-scale farmers, provide a better understanding of the features of medium-scale to design appropriate support systems for these farmers. The application of scientific, mathematical, and logical ideas to the solution of military problems gave rise to operations research approaches. Therefore, researchers regard data processed through DEA as the main measure of green total factor productivity [1].
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